Anselm Kiefer was born in 1945, in Donaueschingen in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. After taking courses in law at Albert-Ludwigs-Universität in Freiburg from 1965 to 1966, he studied art there under Peter Dreher. He continued his studies with Horst Antes at the Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Karlsruhe in 1969 before transferring the following year to the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, where he met Joseph Beuys. Beuys’s interest in deploying an array of cultural myths, metaphors, and symbols as a means by which to engage and understand history inspired Kiefer.
Occupations signaled the future direction of Kiefer’s work. In his endeavor to explore his identity and heritage through art making, he boldly confronted Theodor Adorno’s declaration: “To write poetry after Auschwitz is barbaric.” Early works, like Winter Landscape (1970) and Man in the Forest (1973), highlight human suffering and loneliness. In 1973 Kiefer turned his attention to architecture, painting a series of large-scale canvases set in the wood-grained attic of his home. With highly symbolic titles, including Father, Son, Holy Ghost (1973) and Germany’s Spiritual Heroes (1973), these interiors possess a distinct psychological charge, much like van Gogh’s representations of his own bedroom. The cavernous attic is a metaphor for the artist’s mind, a universe in which conflict and contradiction are resolved through creation.
